Passive And Active Immunity Pdf Printer

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Passive And Active Immunity

Immunity is the body's set of defenses used to prevent and combat infection. SEBASTIAN KAULITZKI / Getty Images One way to categories immunity is as nonspecific and specific. Nonspecific Defenses - These defenses work against all foreign matter and pathogens.

The spec sheets are spot on. If you're *really* worried about things, assume a variance of 10% either way (becuase manufacturing tolerances). As for active / passive, it depends on the device. Aug 25, 2011  8.11.3 Types of Immunity --Passive v Active braingenie. Unsubscribe from braingenie? Immunity: Active vs Passive - Duration: 4:38. Science Sauce 12,943 views.

Epson R230 Printer Service Required Software Free Download. Examples include physical barriers, such as mucous, nasal hair, eyelashes, and cilia. Chemical barriers are also a type of nonspecific defense.

Chemical barriers include the low pH of the skin and gastric juice, the enzyme lysozyme in tears, the alkaline environment of the vagina, and earwax. Specific Defenses - This line of defenses is active against particular threats, such as particular bacteria, viruses, prions, and mold. A specific defense that acts against one pathogen usually isn't active against a different one. An example of specific immunity is resistance chicken pox either from exposure or a vaccine. Canon Lbp 1120 Driver For Windows 7 X64. Another way to group immune responses is: Innate Immunity - A type of natural immunity that is inherited or based on genetic predisposition. This type of immunity confers protection from birth until death. Innate immunity consists of external defenses (the first line of defense) and internal defenses (second line of defense).

Internal defenses include fever, the complement system, natural killer (NK) cells, inflammation, phagocytes, and interferon. Innate immunity is also known as genetic immunity or familial immunity. Acquired Immunity - Acquired or adaptive immunity is the body's third line of defense.

This is protection against specific types of pathogens. Acquired immunity may be either natural or artificial in nature.

Both natural and artificial immunity have passive and active components. Active immunity results from an infection or an immunization, while passive immunity comes from naturally or artificially gaining antibodies. Let's take a closer look at active and passive immunity and the differences between them. Lymphocytes recognize the antigens on foreign cells. JUAN GARTNER / Getty Images Activity immunity comes from exposure to a pathogen.

Surface markers on the pathogen surface act as antigens, which are binding sites for antibodies. Antibodies are Y-shaped protein molecules, which can exist on their own or attached to the membrane of special cells. The body doesn't keep a store of antibodies on hand to take down an infection immediately.

A process called clonal selection and expansion builds up sufficient antibodies. Examples of Active Immunity An example of natural activity immunity is fighting off a cold.

An example of artificial active immunity is building up a resistance to a disease due to an immunization. An allergic reaction is an extreme response to an antigen, resulting from active immunity. Features of Active Immunity • Active immunity requires exposure to a pathogen or to the antigen of a pathogen. • Exposure to the antigen leads to the production of antibodies.

Antibodies essentially mark a cell for destruction by special blood cells called lymphocytes. • Cells involved in active immunity are T cells (cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, memory T cells, and suppressor T cells), B cells (memory B cells and plasma cells), and antigen-presenting cells (B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages). • There is a delay between exposure to the antigen and acquiring immunity. The first exposure leads to what is called a primary response. If a person is exposed to the pathogen again later, the response is much faster and stronger. This is called a secondary response. • Active immunity lasts a long time.

It can endure for years or the entire life. • There are few side effects of active immunity. It can be implicated in autoimmune diseases and allergies, but generally doesn't cause problems. A nursing mother transfers antibodies to her baby through her milk. Image Source / Getty Images Passive immunity doesn't require the body to make antibodies to antigens. The antibodies are introduced from outside the organism. Examples of Passive Immunity An example of natural passive immunity is a baby's protection against certain infections by getting antibodies through colostrum or breast milk.

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